PTGES3 Human

Prostaglandin E Synthase 3 (PTGES3), also known as cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES) or p23, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). This enzyme is part of the broader family of prostaglandin E synthases, which are involved in the metabolism of eicosanoids and glutathione .

The PTGES3 gene is located on chromosome 12 at the q13.13 locus . The gene encodes a protein that functions as a co-chaperone with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), localizing to response elements in DNA and disrupting transcriptional activation complexes . This protein is also known for its role in the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) mediated PGE2 biosynthetic pathway .

PTGES3 is a glutathione-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGE2, a process that is essential for various physiological functions, including inflammation, fever, and pain regulation . PGE2 is a potent lipid mediator involved in numerous biological processes, such as vasodilation, immune response modulation, and smooth muscle function .

The enzyme’s role in the production of PGE2 makes it a significant target for therapeutic interventions, particularly in conditions characterized by excessive inflammation and pain. For instance, inhibitors of PTGES3 are being explored for their potential in treating diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers .

Human recombinant PTGES3 is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the PTGES3 gene into a suitable expression system, such as bacteria or yeast, to produce the protein in large quantities. This recombinant protein is used in various research applications to study its function, mechanism, and potential as a therapeutic target .