PLSCR1 Human
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
PLSCR1 was first identified in 1996 in erythrocytes as a protein involved in the redistribution of phospholipids across the plasma membrane in response to an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) levels . The gene encoding PLSCR1 was cloned from a normal mouse kidney cDNA library and was initially characterized as a 37 kDa integral membrane protein .
PLSCR1 is a type II single-pass transmembrane protein that can localize to both the plasma membrane and the nucleus . It is capable of bidirectional scrambling of phospholipids between the two leaflets of the lipid bilayer, disrupting membrane asymmetry when intracellular Ca²⁺ levels are elevated . This scrambling activity is ATP-independent and Ca²⁺-dependent.
PLSCR1 is involved in several cellular pathways beyond its role in maintaining membrane asymmetry. It interacts with a diverse repertoire of effectors, mediators, and regulators, contributing to distinct cellular processes . These interactions include trafficking of molecules within intracellular vesicles such as endosomes, liposomes, and phagosomes . Additionally, PLSCR1 has been reported to interact with exogenous viral proteins, thereby regulating viral uptake and spread .
Recent studies have revealed that PLSCR1 also exhibits nuclease activity, which is Mg²⁺-dependent and operates optimally at a pH of 8.5 and a temperature of 37°C . This nuclease activity is crucial for various cellular processes and is influenced by specific amino acid residues, such as histidine, cysteine, and arginine .
