PDCD1 Human, Active
HEK293 Cells.
Programmed cell death protein 1, CD279, hPD-1, SLEB2, hPD-l, hSLE1, PD-1, PD1, PDCD1.
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Description
PDCD1 Human Recombinant produced in HEK293 Cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 383 amino acids (21-170 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 42.9kDa.
PDCD1 is fused to a 233 amino acid hIgG-His-Tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1) is a protein found on the surface of immune cells. It plays a critical role in regulating immune responses by interacting with its ligand, PD-L1. PDCD1 is involved in suppressing immune responses, helping to prevent autoimmune reactions. Studies have shown that PDCD1 is expressed on various immune cells, including T cells and B cells, and its expression can be induced upon activation. Research using mice models has indicated a potential role for PDCD1 in T cell function and the suppression of autoimmunity. For instance, mice lacking the PDCD1 gene on a specific genetic background (BALB/c) developed heart muscle disease (dilated cardiomyopathy) and experienced heart failure. These findings suggest that PDCD1 may contribute to maintaining normal heart function by regulating immune responses in the heart.
This product consists of the human PDCD1 protein, which has been produced in a lab setting using HEK293 cells. This particular format of PDCD1 is a single chain containing 383 amino acids, with a portion of the protein (amino acids 21-170) representing the active part. To facilitate purification and detection, a tag (hIgG-His-Tag) is attached to the end of the protein. The final purified product appears as a single band on a protein gel (SDS-PAGE), indicating a high level of purity. Glycosylation, a common modification in proteins, is present in this recombinant PDCD1.
The product is a clear, colorless liquid that has been sterilized by filtration.
The PDCD1 protein is supplied in a solution containing phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, along with 10% glycerol.
For short-term storage (up to 4 weeks), keep the product refrigerated at 4°C. For extended storage, freeze the PDCD1 solution at -20°C. To prevent potential damage from repeated freezing and thawing, it is recommended to divide the solution into smaller aliquots before freezing. Adding a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) can further enhance stability during long-term storage.
The purity of the PDCD1 protein is greater than 95%, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.
The biological activity of this PDCD1 protein has been confirmed through its ability to bind to its ligand, PD-L1/B7-H1, in a functional ELISA assay.
Programmed cell death protein 1, CD279, hPD-1, SLEB2, hPD-l, hSLE1, PD-1, PD1, PDCD1.
HEK293 Cells.
PGWFLDSPDR PWNPPTFSPA LLVVTEGDNA TFTCSFSNTS ESFVLNWYRM SPSNQTDKLA AFPEDRSQPG QDCRFRVTQL PNGRDFHMSV VRARRNDSGT YLCGAISLAP KAQIKESLRA ELRVTERRAE VPTAHPSPSP RPAGQFQTLV LEPKSCDKTH TCPPCPAPEL LGGPSVFLFP PKPKDTLMIS RTPEVTCVVV DVSHEDPEVK FNWYVDGVEV HNAKTKPREE QYNSTYRVVS VLTVLHQDWL NGKEYKCKVS NKALPAPIEK TISKAKGQPR EPQVYTLPPS RDELTKNQVS LTCLVKGFYP SDIAVEWESN GQPENNYKTT PPVLDSDGSF FLYSKLTVDK SRWQQGNVFS CSVMHEALHN HYTQKSLSLS PGK
Product Science Overview
PD-1 is a type I membrane protein consisting of 268 amino acids . It includes an extracellular IgV domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular tail . The intracellular tail contains two phosphorylation sites located in an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif . These motifs suggest that PD-1 negatively regulates T cell receptor (TCR) signals by binding to SHP-1 and SHP-2 phosphatases upon ligand binding .
PD-1 has two known ligands: PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) . The interaction between PD-1 and its ligands leads to the inhibition of T cell activity in peripheral tissues during inflammation, thereby preventing autoimmunity .
Recombinant human PD-1 (rhPD-1) is produced in HEK293 cells and is a polypeptide chain containing 149 amino acids with a C-terminal 6×His tag . It is a fully biologically active molecule with a molecular mass of 30-40 kDa as analyzed by reducing SDS-PAGE . The biological activity of rhPD-1 is demonstrated by its ability to bind PD-L1 Fc Chimera and Keytruda (an anti-PD-1 therapy) in a dose-dependent manner .
PD-1 is expressed on T cells, B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and many tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes . It plays a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis by promoting apoptosis of antigen-specific T cells in lymph nodes and reducing apoptosis in regulatory T cells . This dual mechanism helps in preventing autoimmune responses while also allowing the immune system to tolerate self-antigens .
The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has become a significant target in cancer immunotherapy . PD-1 inhibitors, such as Keytruda, block the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, thereby activating the immune system to attack tumor cells . This approach has shown promising results in treating various types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma .
Recombinant human PD-1 is lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS, 5% trehalose, and mannitol . Upon reconstitution, it remains stable for up to 1 week at 4°C or up to 3 months at -20°C . For long-term storage, it is recommended to add a carrier protein, such as 0.1% BSA, to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles .
