NME4 Human

Non-Metastatic Cells 4 (NME4), also known as NM23-H4, is a member of the NME/NM23 family of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDKs). These proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. NME4 is particularly notable for its role in mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism.

NME4 is a mitochondrial protein that possesses nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. This activity is crucial for maintaining the balance of nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates within the cell. The protein is encoded by the NME4 gene, which is located on chromosome 16 in humans. Structurally, NME4 shares a high degree of similarity with other members of the NME family, particularly in its catalytic domain.

NME4 plays a significant role in several cellular processes:

• Mitochondrial Function: NME4 is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. It helps in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, including fission and fusion processes.
• Apoptosis: NME4 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis. It interacts with various apoptotic proteins and can influence the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, a key step in the apoptotic pathway.
• Cell Proliferation and Differentiation: Like other NME proteins, NME4 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. It has been shown to influence the expression of genes involved in these processes.

NME4 has been studied in the context of various diseases, particularly cancer. Its role in mitochondrial function and apoptosis makes it a potential target for cancer therapy. Alterations in the expression or function of NME4 have been associated with several types of cancer, including breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Research is ongoing to understand the precise mechanisms by which NME4 influences cancer progression and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting this protein.