MIA2 Human

MIA-2 is mapped to the gene locus of human chromosome 14q13 . Its expression is transcriptionally regulated by the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1-binding site . Unlike MIA and OTOR, which are exclusively expressed in the cartilage and cochlea respectively, MIA-2 is expressed exclusively in the liver .

MIA-2 plays a significant role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is expressed in HCC but not in bladder, breast, or prostate cancer . MIA-2 inhibits HCC growth and invasion, acting as a tumor suppressor . In HCC cell lines and tissues, HNF-1 expression is lower than in primary human hepatocytes and corresponding non-tumorous tissue, correlating significantly with the down-regulation of MIA-2 expression . Re-expression of HNF-1 in HCC cells reinduces MIA-2 to similar levels as found in primary human hepatocytes .

Recombinant Human MIA-2 (rhMIA-2) is produced in E. coli cells as a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 100 amino acids . It has a molecular mass of 11.6 kDa and is obtained through chromatographic techniques . RhMIA-2 is fully biologically active and has been shown to inhibit proliferation and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo .

The loss of MIA-2 expression in HCC is associated with more advanced tumor stages and a higher Ki67 labeling index, indicating a higher proliferation rate . Therefore, MIA-2 serves as a potential biomarker for HCC progression and a target for therapeutic intervention .