Melanotan-I is a linear peptide consisting of 13 amino acids. It has a similar structure to α-MSH, with two key differences: the fourth amino acid is norleucine, and the seventh amino acid is D-phenylalanine . These modifications make Melanotan-I more potent and resistant to enzymatic breakdown compared to its natural counterpart.
The peptide works by binding to melanocortin receptors, particularly the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), which is primarily found in melanocytes, the cells responsible for melanin production. Upon binding to MC1R, Melanotan-I stimulates the production of eumelanin, a type of melanin that provides a darker pigmentation and offers protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation .
Melanotan-I has been investigated for several clinical applications, including:
While Melanotan-I has shown promise in clinical studies, its safety profile is still under investigation. Some of the reported side effects include:
It is important to note that Melanotan-I should not be confused with Melanotan-II, another synthetic peptide with similar properties but a different receptor specificity and side effect profile .