MCP 1 Human

Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Human Recombinant (CCL2)
Cat. No.
BT16985
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
Small inducible cytokine A2, CCL2, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1, MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, MCAF, Monocyte secretory protein JE, HC11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, MCP1, SCYA2, GDCF-2, SMC-CF, HSMCR30, MGC9434, GDCF-2 HC11.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 98.0% as determined by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE.
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Human Recombinant also known as Monocyte Chemotactic and Activating Factor (MCAF) produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 76 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8.6kDa.
The MCP-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Product Specs

Introduction
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), is a small cytokine in the CC chemokine family. It is present at sites of tooth eruption and bone degradation. Within bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is regulated by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). CCL2 attracts immune cells like monocytes to areas of tissue damage and infection. This chemokine is synthesized as a precursor protein with a 23-amino acid signal peptide and a 76-amino acid mature peptide. It exists as a monomeric polypeptide with a molecular weight of roughly 13 kDa. Like many CC chemokines, CCL2 is found on chromosome 17 in humans. Its cell surface receptors are CCR2 and CCR5.
Description
Recombinant Human Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1, also called Monocyte Chemotactic and Activating Factor (MCAF), is produced in E. coli. It is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 76 amino acids with a molecular weight of 8.6 kDa. The MCP-1 undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.
Formulation
CCL2 was lyophilized from a sterile solution at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, without any additional additives.
Solubility
Reconstitute the lyophilized Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 in sterile 18 MΩ-cm H2O at a minimum concentration of 100 µg/ml. This solution can be further diluted with other aqueous solutions as needed.
Stability
Lyophilized MCP-1 remains stable at room temperature for up to 3 weeks. However, for extended storage, it is recommended to store it desiccated below -18°C. After reconstitution, CCL2 should be stored at 4°C for 2-7 days. For long-term storage, add a carrier protein like 0.1% HSA or BSA. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
Purity is greater than 98.0% as determined by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE analysis.
Biological Activity
The specific activity, assessed by the ability of MCP-1 to induce chemotaxis in human THP-1 cells, is detectable at concentrations starting from 1 ng/ml.
Synonyms
Small inducible cytokine A2, CCL2, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1, MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, MCAF, Monocyte secretory protein JE, HC11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, MCP1, SCYA2, GDCF-2, SMC-CF, HSMCR30, MGC9434, GDCF-2 HC11.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
QPDAINAPVT CCYNFTNRKI SVQRLASYRR ITSSKCPKEA VIFKTIVAKE ICADPKQKWV QDSMDHLDKQ TQTPKT.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2), is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It plays a crucial role in the immune system by recruiting monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation caused by tissue injury or infection .

Gene and Protein Structure

The CCL2 gene is located on chromosome 17 (17q11.2-q21.1) in humans and spans 1,927 bases. It consists of three exons and two introns . The protein precursor contains a signal peptide of 23 amino acids, and the mature CCL2 protein is 76 amino acids long, with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 11.025 kilodaltons (kDa) .

Expression and Regulation

CCL2 is primarily secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It is also expressed in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in response to various stimulants such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein . The expression of CCL2 is tightly regulated by cellular mechanisms and is upregulated during monocyte differentiation into macrophages .

Function and Mechanism of Action

CCL2 exhibits chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but does not attract neutrophils or eosinophils . It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4, which mediate its effects . CCL2 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis . It also augments monocyte anti-tumor activity and is essential for the formation of granulomas .

Recombinant Human CCL2

Recombinant human CCL2 is produced using E. coli expression systems. The recombinant protein is typically purified to a high degree of purity (>97%) and is available in both carrier-free and carrier-containing formulations . The carrier protein, usually Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), enhances protein stability and shelf-life . Recombinant CCL2 is used in various research applications, including cell culture and as an ELISA standard .

Clinical Implications

CCL2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis . Its role in recruiting monocytes to sites of inflammation makes it a potential therapeutic target for modulating immune responses in these conditions. Additionally, CCL2’s involvement in tumor immunity suggests its potential use in cancer immunotherapy .

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