LIX Mouse
Description
The LIX Mouse is expressed with 4 additional amino acids [VIAA] at n-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5), alternatively known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. The production of CXCL5 is triggered by the stimulation of cells with inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). CXCL5 expression, observed in eosinophils, can be suppressed by type II interferon (IFN). This chemokine exhibits chemotactic activity towards neutrophils and possesses angiogenic properties. These effects are mediated through its interaction with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2. The gene encoding CXCL5, consisting of four exons, is located on human chromosome 4 in close proximity to several other CXC chemokine genes. CXCL5 is believed to be involved in the process of connective tissue remodeling.
Product Science Overview
LIX, also known as CXCL5 or neutrophil activating peptide 78 (ENA-78), is a member of the CXC chemokine family. This family is characterized by the presence of a specific amino acid sequence known as the ELR motif (glutamic acid-leucine-arginine). CXCL5 is a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils, playing a crucial role in immune responses and inflammation .
CXCL5 is expressed by various immune cells, including macrophages and eosinophils, as well as non-immune cells such as mesothelial cells and fibroblasts . The primary function of CXCL5 is to recruit neutrophils to sites of inflammation and infection. It achieves this by binding to its specific receptor, CXCR2, which is expressed on the surface of neutrophils .
In addition to its role in neutrophil recruitment, the CXCL5/CXCR2 signaling axis is involved in angiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels. This is particularly important in the context of tumor growth and metastasis, where CXCL5 promotes the formation of blood vessels that supply nutrients to the tumor .
Recombinant mouse CXCL5 is typically produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The protein consists of 92 amino acids (A41-Q132) and is purified using chromatographic techniques . The recombinant protein is often used in scientific research to study its biological functions and potential therapeutic applications.
The biological activity of CXCL5 is determined through various assays. For example, it has been shown to induce chemotaxis (movement) of human peripheral blood neutrophils at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 ng/mL . Additionally, CXCL5 can inhibit insulin signaling by activating the Jak2/STAT5/SOCS2 pathway, which has implications for metabolic diseases such as diabetes .
CXCL5 is implicated in several diseases, particularly those involving inflammation and cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, CXCL5 promotes the recruitment of immune cells and the formation of blood vessels, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis . High levels of CXCL5 expression have been observed in various types of cancer, including prostate, cervical, lung, hepatoblastoma, and osteosarcoma .
In inflammatory diseases, CXCL5 contributes to the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection or injury, exacerbating the inflammatory response. For example, CXCL5 is involved in the induction of acute lung injury and ischemia-induced angiogenesis in the lungs .
