KIR2DS4 Antibody
Description
Product Specs
The antibody is supplied in a solution containing 1mg/ml of antibody in PBS at a pH of 7.4, with 0.1% sodium azide added as a preservative.
Product Science Overview
Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs) are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins expressed primarily on natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells. These receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response by interacting with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. KIRs are classified based on the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and the length of their cytoplasmic tails (long or short).
KIR2DS4 is a member of the KIR family characterized by having two immunoglobulin-like domains and a short cytoplasmic tail. Unlike KIRs with long cytoplasmic tails that transduce inhibitory signals, KIRs with short cytoplasmic tails, such as KIR2DS4, are involved in activating signals. This activation is mediated through association with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein .
The KIR2DS4 gene is located on chromosome 19q13.4 within the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene encodes a 304-amino acid protein with an extracellular domain similar to that of other KIR2D receptors. However, the transmembrane region of KIR2DS4 contains a charged lysine residue, and the cytoplasmic tail lacks the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), which is typical of inhibitory KIRs .
KIR2DS4 is primarily involved in the activation of NK cells. Upon binding to its ligands, which are subsets of HLA class I molecules, KIR2DS4 transduces activating signals that enhance the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. This activation plays a significant role in the immune response against virally infected cells and tumor cells .
KIR2DS4 has been implicated in various clinical conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. For instance, certain alleles of KIR2DS4 have been associated with an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, the expression of KIR2DS4 on NK cells can influence the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the effectiveness of NK cell-based immunotherapies .
Mouse anti-human KIR2DS4 antibodies are commonly used in research to study the expression and function of KIR2DS4 in human cells. These antibodies are valuable tools for flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and other immunological assays. They help in understanding the role of KIR2DS4 in immune regulation and its potential as a therapeutic target .
