KIR2DL3 Antibody

Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor 2 Domains Long Cytoplasmic Tail 3, Mouse Anti Human
Cat. No.
BT21865
Source
Synonyms
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3, MHC class I NK cell receptor, Natural killer-associated transcript 2, NKAT-2, NKAT2a, NKAT2b, p58 natural killer cell receptor clone CL-6, p58 NK receptor, p58.2 MHC class-I-specific NK receptor, Killer inhibitory receptor cl 2-3, KIR-023GB, CD158 antigen-like family member B2, CD158b2 antigen, KIR2DL3, CD158B2, KIRCL23, NKAT2, p58, NKAT, GL183, CD158b, KIR-K7b, KIR-K7c, MGC129943.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Purity
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Product Specs

Introduction
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of proteins found on the surface of Natural Killer (NK) cells, which are part of the immune system. KIRs help control the NK cells' ability to eliminate other cells. They do this by interacting with molecules called MHC class I, which are present on most cells. This interaction allows KIRs to identify cells infected with viruses or tumor cells, which often have low levels of MHC class I. Most KIRs are inhibitory, meaning they suppress the killing activity of NK cells when they bind to MHC class I. Only a few KIRs activate NK cells. KIR genes are located on chromosome 19q13.4. They are highly diverse, meaning individuals have different sets of KIR genes, leading to variations in their immune responses. KIR proteins are classified by their structure, including the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and the length of their cytoplasmic domain (long (L) or short (S)). KIRs with long cytoplasmic domains have a motif called ITIM, which sends inhibitory signals when the KIR binds to its ligand. In contrast, KIRs with short cytoplasmic domains lack ITIM and instead activate cells by associating with a protein called TYRO. KIR2DL3 is an inhibitory KIR that binds to specific MHC class I molecules (HLA-Cw1, -Cw3, -Cw7, and Cw8). By interacting with these MHC molecules, KIR2DL3 inhibits NK cell activity and prevents the destruction of the cell expressing the MHC.
Physical Appearance
A clear and colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Formulation

A solution containing 1mg/ml of the antibody in a buffer solution of PBS at pH 7.4 with 0.1% Sodium Azide.

Storage Procedures
For storage up to 1 month, the antibody should be kept at 4°C. For longer storage, it should be kept at -20°C. Repeated freezing and thawing should be avoided.
Stability / Shelf Life
The product is stable for 12 months when stored at -20°C and for 1 month at 4°C.
Applications
The KIR2DL3 antibody has been validated for use in ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescent staining followed by flow cytometry analysis. These tests have confirmed its specificity. Optimal working concentrations may vary depending on the specific application and should be determined by titration. Recommended starting concentrations are: 5-10 µg per 1 x 10^6 cells for flow cytometry, a 1:1,000 dilution for ELISA (based on testing with the immunizing protein), and 1 µg/ml for Western blot analysis.
Synonyms
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3, MHC class I NK cell receptor, Natural killer-associated transcript 2, NKAT-2, NKAT2a, NKAT2b, p58 natural killer cell receptor clone CL-6, p58 NK receptor, p58.2 MHC class-I-specific NK receptor, Killer inhibitory receptor cl 2-3, KIR-023GB, CD158 antigen-like family member B2, CD158b2 antigen, KIR2DL3, CD158B2, KIRCL23, NKAT2, p58, NKAT, GL183, CD158b, KIR-K7b, KIR-K7c, MGC129943.
Purification Method
KIR2DL3 antibody was purified from mouse ascitic fluids by protein-G affinity chromatography.
Type
Mouse Anti Human Monoclonal.
Clone
P190IIC311AT.
Immunogen
Anti-human KIR2DL3 mAb, is derived from hybridization of mouse P3-x63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant human KIR2DL3 amino acids 19-161 purified from E. coli.
Ig Subclass
Mouse IgG2a heavy chains and κ light chain.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs) are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins expressed primarily on natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells. These receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response by interacting with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. KIRs are highly polymorphic and are encoded by genes located in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC).

Structure and Classification

KIRs are classified based on the number of extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and the length of their cytoplasmic tails. KIR2DL3, specifically, is characterized by having two Ig domains and a long cytoplasmic tail. The long cytoplasmic tail contains immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), which are responsible for transducing inhibitory signals upon ligand binding .

Function

The primary function of KIR2DL3 is to inhibit the activity of NK cells. When KIR2DL3 binds to its ligands, which are specific HLA-C molecules, it transduces inhibitory signals through its ITIMs. This interaction prevents the NK cells from killing the target cells, thereby maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity .

Expression Patterns

KIR2DL3 is expressed on the surface of NK cells and some T cell subsets. The expression of KIRs, including KIR2DL3, is stochastic and variegated, meaning that different NK cells express different combinations of KIRs. This diversity in KIR expression contributes to the versatility and adaptability of the immune response .

Genetic Polymorphism

The KIR gene family is highly polymorphic, with multiple alleles and haplotypes present in the human population. This genetic diversity allows for a wide range of immune responses and is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to diverse pathogenic challenges. The polymorphism of KIR genes, including KIR2DL3, also has implications for disease susceptibility and transplant compatibility .

Clinical Relevance

KIR2DL3 and other KIRs have been implicated in various clinical conditions. For example, certain KIR-HLA combinations are associated with a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Additionally, KIR2DL3 has been studied in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, where the compatibility of KIR-HLA interactions can influence transplant outcomes .

Mouse Anti Human KIR2DL3

Mouse anti-human KIR2DL3 antibodies are used in research to study the expression and function of KIR2DL3. These antibodies can be used in various applications, including flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry, to detect and analyze KIR2DL3 on human cells. The use of mouse anti-human antibodies allows for the specific targeting of human KIR2DL3, facilitating the study of its role in immune regulation .

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