ISG15 Human

ISG15 Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT21309
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms

ISG15, G1P2, IFI15, UCRP, ISG15 Ubiquitin-like modifier.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

ISG15 Human Recombinant fused to N-terminal Calmudulin Tag (151 a.a.) produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing a total of 308 amino acids (157 a.a. without tag) and having a molecular mass of 34 kDa.

Product Specs

Introduction
ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier is conjugated to intracellular target proteins following stimulation by IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. Its enzymatic pathway shares some similarities with that of ubiquitin but also exhibits distinct characteristics, particularly in terms of substrate specificity and interactions with ligating enzymes. While ISG15 conjugation relies on a dedicated E1 enzyme, it appears to converge with the ubiquitin conjugation pathway at the level of a specific E2 enzyme. Targets of ISG15 conjugation include proteins such as STAT1, SERPINA 3G/SPI2A, JAK1, MAPK3/ERK1, PLCG1, EIF2AK2/PKR, MX1/MXA, and RIG-1. When deconjugated by USP18/UBP43, ISG15 exhibits chemotactic activity towards neutrophils, activating them to release eosinophil chemotactic factors. Additionally, it functions as a trans-acting binding factor, facilitating the association of ligated target proteins with intermediate filaments. ISG15 plays a multifaceted role in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms, participating in cell-to-cell signaling, potentially by inducing IFN-gamma secretion by monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, it exhibits antiviral activity during viral infections. In response to IFN-TAU secreted by the conceptus, ISG15 binds to and regulates proteins associated with prostaglandin F2-alpha release, thereby preventing corpus luteum lysis and maintaining pregnancy. Sharing several characteristics with other ubiquitin-like molecules, ISG15's activity is tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways involved in innate immunity.
Description
ISG15 Human Recombinant protein, fused to an N-terminal Calmudulin Tag (151 a.a.) and produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. The total protein comprises 308 amino acids (157 a.a. without the tag) and has a molecular weight of 34 kDa.
Physical Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Formulation
The ISG15 solution is formulated in a buffer consisting of 20mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 100mM NaCl, and 1mM DTT.
Stability
For short-term storage (2-4 weeks), the product can be stored at 4°C. For extended storage, it is recommended to freeze the product at -20°C. To ensure optimal stability during long-term storage, consider adding a carrier protein such as HSA or BSA (0.1%). Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
The purity of the ISG15 protein is greater than 98.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Synonyms

ISG15, G1P2, IFI15, UCRP, ISG15 Ubiquitin-like modifier.

Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MADQLTEEQI AEFKEAFSLF DKDGDGTITT KELGTVMRSL GQNPTEAELQ DMINEVDADG NGTIDFPEFL TMMARKMKDT DSEEEIREAF RVFDKDGNGY ISAAELRHVM TNLGEKLTDE EVDEMIREAD IDGDGQVNYE EFVQMMTAKG SMGWDLTVKM LAGNEFQVSL SSSMSVSELK AQITQKIGVH AFQQRLAVHP SGVALQDRVP LASQGLGPGS TVLLVVDKCD EPLNILVRNN KGRSSTYEVR LTQTVAHLKQ QVSGLEGVQD DLFWLTFEGK PLEDQLPLGE YGLKPLSTVF MNLRLRGG.

Product Science Overview

Structure and Function

ISG15 consists of two tandem ubiquitin-like domains that share a similar three-dimensional structure with ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like modifiers such as NEDD8 and SUMO1 . This structural similarity allows ISG15 to be covalently attached to target proteins in a process known as ISGylation . ISGylation is a post-translational modification that can alter the function, localization, and stability of target proteins, thereby modulating various cellular processes.

Induction and Expression

The expression of ISG15 is strongly induced by type I interferons (IFNs) as a primary response to viral infections and other cellular stress stimuli . It is also upregulated by bacterial infections through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) signaling pathway . ISG15 is secreted from monocytes and lymphocytes and functions both intracellularly and extracellularly .

Biological Roles

ISG15 has several important biological roles:

  • Antiviral Activity: ISG15 is involved in the host defense against viral infections by inhibiting viral replication and modulating the immune response .
  • Cytokine Activity: It acts as a cytokine that induces the production of IFN-gamma and enhances the proliferation and function of natural killer (NK) cells and lymphokine-activated killer cells .
  • Tumor Suppression: Alterations in the ISG15 signaling pathway have been observed in various human tumors, suggesting a potential role in tumor suppression .
Recombinant ISG15

Recombinant human ISG15 is produced using Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression systems . The recombinant protein is typically purified and characterized to ensure high purity and activity. It is used in various research applications, including studies on ISGylation, antiviral responses, and immune regulation.

Recombinant ISG15 is available in different formulations, including carrier-free versions that do not contain bovine serum albumin (BSA), which can interfere with certain applications . The protein is usually supplied as a lyophilized powder or in solution and requires careful handling to maintain its stability and activity .

Applications

Recombinant ISG15 is widely used in research to:

  • Study the mechanisms of ISGylation and its effects on target proteins.
  • Investigate the role of ISG15 in antiviral immunity and other immune responses.
  • Explore the potential therapeutic applications of ISG15 in cancer and infectious diseases.

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Source
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