IL36B Mouse

Interleukin-36 beta (IL-36β), also known as IL-1F8, is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily, which includes several cytokines involved in inflammatory and immune responses. IL-36β is one of the three agonists in the IL-36 family, alongside IL-36α and IL-36γ, and it plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation .

IL-36β is a protein composed of 183 amino acids and lacks a signal sequence, prosegment, and potential N-linked glycosylation sites . The IL-1 family members, including IL-36β, display a 12 β-strand, β-trefoil configuration, which is thought to have evolved from a common ancestral gene . IL-36β is actively secreted by cells such as resting and activated monocytes and B cells .

The receptor for IL-36β is a combination of IL-1 receptor-related protein 2 (IL-1Rrp2) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) . Upon binding to its receptor, IL-36β activates intracellular signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), leading to the regulation of target genes and the induction of inflammatory responses .

IL-36β is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. It is expressed at low levels under normal conditions but is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli . IL-36β acts on a variety of cells, including epithelial and immune cells, and contributes to host defense through the inflammatory response . In the skin, IL-36β plays a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by stimulating keratinocytes and immune cells, enhancing the Th17/Th23 axis, and inducing psoriatic-like skin disorders .

In addition to its role in the skin, IL-36β is also expressed in other organs such as the lungs, intestines, joints, and brain upon stimulation . However, its physiological and pathological roles in these organs are less well-defined compared to its role in the skin .