HSP90B1 is primarily localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it is involved in the processing and transport of secreted proteins . The protein has ATPase activity, which is essential for its function as a molecular chaperone . It is also found in melanosomes and has been associated with various cellular components, including the cytosol, endocytic vesicle lumen, and extracellular matrix .
The primary function of HSP90B1 is to assist in the proper folding of proteins within the ER. It is particularly important for the folding of Toll-like receptors and integrins, which are crucial for immune responses . HSP90B1 also plays a role in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which is responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins . Additionally, it has been implicated in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity .
HSP90B1 is associated with various pathogenic states, including tumor formation . Its expression is linked to several diseases, such as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-Like Disease and Nemaline Myopathy 9 . The protein’s role in immune regulation and protein folding makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in diseases related to protein misfolding and immune dysfunction.
The recombinant form of HSP90B1, produced in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cells, is used for research purposes. This recombinant protein retains the functional properties of the native protein and is utilized in studies related to protein folding, immune responses, and disease mechanisms.