HMOX1 Human

Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1), also known as HMOX1, is a crucial enzyme in the human body that plays a significant role in heme catabolism. This enzyme is responsible for the degradation of heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and ferrous iron . The recombinant form of HO-1 is produced using advanced biotechnological methods, allowing for its use in various research and therapeutic applications.

HO-1 is a 31 kDa protein encoded by the HMOX1 gene. It is primarily found in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells and is induced by oxidative stress . The enzyme’s activity involves the cleavage of the heme molecule, which is a pro-oxidant, into biliverdin, a potent antioxidant. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase .

HO-1 has several critical functions in the body:

1. Antioxidant Defense: By degrading heme, HO-1 helps to reduce oxidative stress and protect cells from damage.
2. Anti-inflammatory Effects: The by-products of heme degradation, such as carbon monoxide, have anti-inflammatory properties.
3. Regulation of Iron Homeostasis: The release of ferrous iron during heme degradation is essential for maintaining iron balance in the body .

HO-1 has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes:

• Cardiovascular Health: HO-1 plays a role in regulating cardiovascular function and responding to stressors .
• Hematopoiesis: It influences the self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, which are crucial for blood cell production .
• Immune Response: HO-1 modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses, making it a potential target for immunotherapy .

Recombinant HO-1 is produced using E. coli expression systems. The recombinant protein is typically tagged with a His-tag for purification purposes and is available in carrier-free formulations to avoid interference in experimental applications . This form of HO-1 is used extensively in research to study its functions and potential therapeutic applications.