HIV-1 gp120 Nef Mosaic

HIV-1 gp120 Nef Mosaic Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT20474
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless clear solution.
Purity
Greater than 95.0% as determined by HPLC analysis and SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

HIV-1 gp120 is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain, containing HIV-1 gp120 N-terminus immunodominant regions, 30-110 amino acids. The protein is fused to a six histidines tag.

Product Specs

Introduction
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus known as a retrovirus. It weakens the body's defense system, making individuals susceptible to infections and illnesses. HIV attacks specific cells within the immune system, primarily a type of white blood cell known as a helper T cell (specifically CD4+ T cells). It also affects macrophages and dendritic cells. HIV reduces the number of CD4+ T cells in the body through three main ways: direct invasion and destruction of infected cells, triggering infected cells to self-destruct (apoptosis), and marking infected CD4+ T cells for elimination by other immune cells called CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes. When CD4+ T cell counts drop significantly, the body loses its ability to fight off infections, leading to a stage called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is classified as a lentivirus, belonging to the retroviridae family. Lentiviruses share common characteristics and biological behaviors, often causing long-lasting illnesses with extended periods before symptoms appear. These viruses spread through single-stranded, positive-sense RNA enclosed in a viral envelope. Upon entering a host cell, the virus uses its own enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA. This viral DNA is then integrated into the host cell's DNA using another viral enzyme called integrase, allowing the virus to take control of the cell's machinery. Once integrated, the virus can either remain dormant (latent) within the cell or become active, replicating and releasing a large number of new virus particles that can infect other cells.
Description
HIV-1 gp120 is a protein derived from the HIV-1 virus. This specific version lacks attached sugar molecules (non-glycosylated) and represents a portion of the larger HIV-1 gp120 protein, specifically the immunodominant regions located at the N-terminus, spanning amino acids 30 to 110. For ease of purification and detection, a tag of six histidine amino acids is attached to the protein.
Physical Appearance
The product appears as a clear liquid with no color, free from any particles or cloudiness. It has been sterilized through filtration.
Formulation
The product is supplied in a solution containing 10mM Tris-HCl (pH 4.5), 25mM Sodium Phosphate, and 8M urea.
Purity
The purity of the HIV-1 gp120 protein is very high, exceeding 95%. This determination is made using two analytical techniques: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and SDS-PAGE, which separate and quantify protein components based on their size and charge.
Stability
HIV-1 gp120 is stable and can be stored at 4°C for up to one week. However, for long-term storage, it is recommended to store it at temperatures below -18°C. Repeated freezing and thawing of the product should be avoided to maintain its quality.
Applications
The HIV-1 gp120 antigen is a valuable tool for research and diagnostic purposes. It can be used in techniques like ELISA and Western blots, which are commonly employed to detect the presence of specific antibodies or proteins. This antigen is particularly useful for the early detection of HIV infection, even before significant antibody production, with minimal issues of cross-reactivity with other proteins.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Specificity
Immunoreactive with all sera of HIV-1 and HIV-type O infected individuals and with 60-80% of HIV-2 infected individuals.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

The HIV-1 gp120 Nef Mosaic Recombinant is a synthetic construct designed to study and potentially combat the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). This recombinant protein combines elements from the gp120 and Nef proteins of HIV-1, which play crucial roles in the virus’s ability to infect host cells and evade the immune system.

HIV-1 gp120

The gp120 protein is a glycoprotein found on the surface of the HIV-1 virus. It is a part of the envelope protein complex, which also includes gp41. The primary function of gp120 is to bind to the CD4 receptors on host cells, facilitating viral entry. This binding is a critical step in the HIV infection process, as it allows the virus to fuse with the host cell membrane and release its genetic material into the cell .

HIV-1 Nef

Nef (Negative factor) is another protein encoded by the HIV-1 genome. It is known for its role in enhancing viral replication and pathogenesis. Nef downregulates the expression of CD4 and MHC class I molecules on the surface of infected cells, helping the virus evade the host’s immune response. Additionally, Nef has been implicated in altering T cell signaling and activation, further contributing to the virus’s ability to persist in the host .

Mosaic Recombinant

The concept of a mosaic recombinant involves combining sequences from different strains or subtypes of a virus to create a single construct. This approach is particularly useful in vaccine development, as it can provide broader protection against diverse viral strains. In the case of HIV-1, mosaic recombinants are designed to elicit immune responses that are effective against multiple variants of the virus .

HIV-1 gp120 Nef Mosaic Recombinant

The HIV-1 gp120 Nef Mosaic Recombinant is a fusion protein that incorporates elements from both gp120 and Nef. This construct is used in research to study the interactions between these proteins and the host immune system. By combining these two proteins, researchers aim to better understand how HIV-1 evades immune detection and to develop strategies for more effective vaccines and therapies .

Applications in Research and Vaccine Development
  1. Immune Evasion Studies: The gp120 Nef Mosaic Recombinant is used to investigate how HIV-1 proteins interact with the host immune system. This research can reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention.
  2. Vaccine Development: By incorporating elements from multiple HIV-1 strains, mosaic recombinants can potentially induce broader and more robust immune responses. This makes them promising candidates for vaccine development.
  3. Therapeutic Research: Understanding the functions of gp120 and Nef in the context of a mosaic recombinant can lead to the development of novel therapies aimed at disrupting these proteins’ roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis .

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