GPD2 Human
Description
The GPD2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2) is a calcium-sensitive enzyme that binds to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and resides on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. It exists in two isoforms: Isoform 1, containing 727 amino acids, and Isoform 2, lacking 126 amino acids at the N-terminus. GPD2 catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) while simultaneously reducing the FAD molecule bound to the enzyme. As a testis-specific promoter of mitochondrial GPDH, GPD2, along with a cytosolic NAD-linked GPD, forms the glycerol phosphate shuttle. This shuttle utilizes the interconversion of glycerol-3-phosphate and DHAP to transport reducing equivalents into mitochondria, ultimately leading to the reoxidation of NADH generated during glycolysis. Deficiencies in GPD2 contribute to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in various animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Conversely, in a highly glycolytic environment, GPD2 upregulation contributes to the overall increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, potentially leading to the progression of prostate cancer.
Product Science Overview
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. It is part of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which is essential for transferring reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation. This enzyme is encoded by the GPD2 gene located on chromosome 3p22.3 in humans .
GPD2 is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) with the concomitant reduction of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to FADH2. This reaction is a key step in the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which is one of the two main mechanisms for transferring electrons from NADH in the cytosol to the mitochondrial electron transport chain .
The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, involving GPD2, is particularly important in tissues with high metabolic rates, such as brown adipose tissue and muscle. It plays a significant role in thermogenesis and energy metabolism. Additionally, GPD2 has been implicated in various metabolic diseases and cancers due to its role in cellular energy homeostasis .
Recombinant GPD2 refers to the enzyme produced through recombinant DNA technology, which allows for the expression of the human GPD2 gene in a host organism, such as bacteria or yeast. This method enables the production of large quantities of the enzyme for research and therapeutic purposes. Recombinant GPD2 retains the same functional properties as the naturally occurring enzyme and is used in various biochemical assays and studies .
Recombinant GPD2 is widely used in research to study its role in metabolism and disease. It is utilized in enzymatic assays to understand its kinetic properties and interactions with other metabolic pathways. Additionally, recombinant GPD2 is used in structural biology to determine its three-dimensional structure, which can provide insights into its function and regulation .
