AITRL Human, His

The Human Recombinant AITRL is produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 137 amino acids, with a molecular mass of approximately 15.6 kDa . The protein is fused to a 9 amino acid His Tag at the C-terminus, which facilitates its purification through chromatographic techniques .

AITRL binds to its receptor, TNFRSF18 (AITR/GITR), and is important for the interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells . It is expressed at high levels in various tissues, including the small intestine, ovary, testis, kidney, and endothelial cells, especially after stimulation by lipopolysaccharides . AITRL is also highly up-regulated by interferons alpha and beta (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) .

AITRL, also known as Osteostat, is a novel regulator of osteoclast generation. It inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts from monocytic precursor cells and suppresses the early stage of osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) expression in osteoclast precursor cells . However, it does not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced RANK expression in monocytes and dendritic cells, or activation-induced RANK expression in T cells .

The recombinant AITRL protein is used primarily for laboratory research purposes. It is supplied as a sterile filtered colorless solution, typically formulated with 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and 10% glycerol . For short-term storage, it can be kept at 4°C if used within 2-4 weeks. For longer-term storage, it should be frozen at -20°C, with the addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) to prevent degradation . It is important to avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain the protein’s integrity .

AITRL (Human Recombinant, His Tag) is intended for laboratory research use only and should not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives, or household chemicals . Proper safety protocols should be followed when handling this protein to ensure safe and effective use in research applications .