AITRL Human, T7

AITRL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily. It is also referred to as Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF-Related Ligand (GITRL). This cytokine binds to TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR and is expressed at high levels in various tissues, including the small intestine, ovary, testis, kidney, and endothelial cells after stimulation by lipopolysaccharides .

AITRL (Human Recombinant, T7 Tag) is produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The recombinant protein is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 134 amino acids (81-199 a.a) and has a molecular mass of 15 kDa. The protein is fused to a 15 amino acid T7-tag at the N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques .

The physical appearance of the AITRL protein solution is a sterile filtered colorless solution. The formulation typically contains 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 10% glycerol, and 0.4 M urea .

AITRL is involved in several critical biological processes. It inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts from monocytic precursor cells and suppresses the early stage of osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) expression in osteoclast precursor cells . However, it does not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced RANK expression in monocytes and dendritic cells or activation-induced RANK expression in T cells .

AITRL is a novel regulator of osteoclast generation and plays a significant role in bone physiology. It is highly up-regulated by interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interferon-beta (IFN-beta) in human microvascular endothelial cells .

For optimal stability, AITRL should be stored at 4°C if the entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored frozen at -20°C. For long-term storage, it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) and avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles .