FCGR2B Human
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
CD32, also known as Fc gamma receptor II (FcγRII), is a family of cell membrane receptor proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system. These receptors are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are primarily involved in the regulation of immune responses. CD32 receptors are encoded by the mRNA splice variants of three highly related genes: FCGR2A, FCGR2B, and FCGR2C .
CD32 receptors are primarily found on the surface of leukocytes, including macrophages, neutrophils, and some subsets of T cells. They are responsible for binding the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. This binding triggers various immune responses, including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and the release of inflammatory mediators .
The CD32 family consists of three main isoforms:
- FcγRIIA (CD32a): This isoform is an activatory receptor that signals through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in its cytoplasmic domain. It is involved in the activation of immune cells and plays a role in the clearance of immune complexes.
- FcγRIIB (CD32b): This isoform is an inhibitory receptor that signals through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic domain. It serves as a negative regulator of immune cell activation, helping to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent excessive inflammation.
- FcγRIIC (CD32c): This isoform is less well-characterized but is believed to have both activatory and inhibitory functions, depending on the cellular context .
Recombinant CD32 proteins are produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the gene encoding CD32 into a suitable expression system, such as bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells. This allows for the large-scale production of CD32 proteins with high purity and consistency .
Recombinant CD32 proteins are used in various research and clinical applications, including:
- Studying immune cell signaling: Recombinant CD32 proteins are used to investigate the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in immune cell activation and inhibition.
- Developing therapeutic antibodies: CD32 receptors are important targets for therapeutic antibodies used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. Recombinant CD32 proteins are used to screen and characterize these antibodies.
- Diagnostic assays: Recombinant CD32 proteins are used in diagnostic assays to detect and quantify antibodies in patient samples .
CD32 receptors play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and are implicated in various diseases. Dysregulation of CD32 signaling has been associated with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In these conditions, the balance between activatory and inhibitory CD32 isoforms is disrupted, leading to excessive immune activation and tissue damage .
CD32 receptors are also involved in the immune response to infections and cancer. For example, FcγRIIA (CD32a) is known to enhance the phagocytosis of opsonized pathogens, while FcγRIIB (CD32b) helps to prevent excessive inflammation during chronic infections .
