ENTPD3 is characterized by four apyrase-conserved regions, which are typical of NTPDases . The enzyme exhibits a threefold preference for the hydrolysis of ATP over ADP . This hydrolysis process is essential for modulating purinergic signaling through P2 purinergic receptors, which are involved in various physiological processes such as neurotransmission, inflammation, and immune responses .
ENTPD3 is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and pancreas . Its expression on cell membranes allows it to regulate the bioavailability of extracellular nucleotides, thereby influencing purinergic signaling pathways . This regulation is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to physiological changes.
ENTPD3 has been implicated in several physiological and pathological processes. It plays a role in the regulation of blood flow, hormone secretion, and neurotransmitter release . Additionally, ENTPD3 is involved in the pathophysiology of infectious and inflammatory diseases, as well as cancer . By controlling the levels of extracellular nucleotides, ENTPD3 can influence the immune response and inflammation, making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
The human recombinant form of ENTPD3, produced in sf9 insect cells, is used in various research applications to study its function and potential therapeutic uses. The recombinant protein retains the enzymatic activity of the native enzyme, making it a valuable tool for biochemical and pharmacological studies .