CNDP2 Antibody
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
CNDP Dipeptidase 2, also known as Carnosine Dipeptidase 2 or Cytosolic Non-Specific Dipeptidase 2, is an enzyme encoded by the CNDP2 gene. This enzyme belongs to the M20 family of metallopeptidases and is involved in the hydrolysis of dipeptides, particularly those containing hydrophobic amino acids .
Structure and Function
CNDP2 is a homodimer, meaning it consists of two identical subunits. Each subunit has a catalytic domain with one active center that contains two manganese (Mn²⁺) or zinc (Zn²⁺) ions, which are crucial for the enzyme’s activity . The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of dipeptides, displaying high activity towards cysteinylglycine, an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism . Additionally, CNDP2 is known to metabolize N-lactoyl-amino acids through hydrolysis and reverse proteolysis .
Role in Disease
CNDP2 has been implicated in various diseases. For instance, common variants in the CNDP2 gene have been associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes . Aberrant expression of CNDP2 has also been linked to tumorigenesis in several cancers, including pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer .
Mouse anti-human antibodies are antibodies produced in mice that are specific to human antigens. These antibodies are widely used in research and clinical diagnostics due to their ability to specifically bind to human proteins.
Production and Applications
Mouse anti-human antibodies are generated by immunizing mice with human antigens. The immune response in mice leads to the production of antibodies that can be harvested and purified for various applications. These antibodies are commonly used in techniques such as Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Immunocytochemistry, and ELISA .
Human Anti-Mouse Antibody (HAMA) Response
One challenge with using mouse-derived antibodies in humans is the potential for the Human Anti-Mouse Antibody (HAMA) response. This response occurs when the human immune system recognizes the mouse antibodies as foreign and mounts an immune response against them. The HAMA response can range from mild reactions, such as rashes, to severe reactions, such as kidney failure . To mitigate this, researchers have developed humanized and fully human antibodies that reduce the likelihood of such immune responses .
