ATP5H Human
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Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
ATP synthase is a crucial enzyme in cellular energy production, responsible for synthesizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell. The enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is composed of multiple subunits, forming a complex known as the F1Fo ATP synthase or Complex V. Among these subunits, the Fo complex subunit D plays a significant role in the enzyme’s function.
The ATP synthase enzyme consists of two main components: the F1 and Fo complexes. The F1 complex is situated in the mitochondrial matrix, while the Fo complex is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The Fo complex forms a channel through which protons flow, driving the rotation of the F1 complex and facilitating ATP synthesis from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) .
The Fo complex subunit D, also known as ATP5PD, is a peripheral stalk subunit that helps stabilize the interaction between the F1 and Fo complexes. This stabilization is essential for the proper functioning of the ATP synthase enzyme, ensuring efficient ATP production .
ATP synthase is a key player in oxidative phosphorylation, the process by which cells generate ATP through the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred through a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. The energy from this gradient is harnessed by ATP synthase to produce ATP .
Recombinant DNA technology allows for the production of human proteins in various host systems, such as bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells. Human recombinant ATP synthase Fo complex subunit D is produced by inserting the gene encoding this subunit into a host organism, which then expresses the protein. This recombinant protein can be used for research purposes, such as studying the structure and function of ATP synthase, as well as for potential therapeutic applications.
Mutations or deficiencies in ATP synthase subunits, including the Fo complex subunit D, can lead to mitochondrial diseases. These diseases often result in impaired energy production, leading to a range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, neurological disorders, and metabolic abnormalities. Understanding the structure and function of ATP synthase subunits is crucial for developing potential treatments for these conditions .
