ATPase Transporting Beta 3, also known as ATP1B3, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the function of the sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase enzyme. This enzyme is essential for maintaining the electrochemical gradients of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across the plasma membrane, which are vital for various cellular processes, including osmoregulation, sodium-coupled transport, and electrical excitability of nerve and muscle cells .
ATP1B3 is a non-catalytic component of the active enzyme complex, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane . The enzyme complex is composed of two subunits: a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). ATP1B3 belongs to the family of Na+/K+ and H+/K+ ATPases beta chain proteins and is specifically a part of the Na+/K+ -ATPases subfamily .
The beta subunit, including ATP1B3, is responsible for the assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, which control the quantity of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane . This regulation is crucial for maintaining the proper function and distribution of the sodium/potassium pumps.
ATP1B3 Human Recombinant is produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 246 amino acids (57-279) and has a molecular mass of 27.4 kDa . The recombinant protein is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques .
The sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase, which includes ATP1B3, is integral to various physiological processes. These include:
Mutations or dysregulation of ATP1B3 and the sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase can lead to various medical conditions, including cardiac and neurological disorders. Understanding the function and regulation of ATP1B3 is essential for developing therapeutic strategies for these conditions.