VOPP1 was initially identified in studies focusing on glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive brain tumor. The protein was named GASP due to the presence of a signal sequence in its amino acid structure, suggesting its entry into the classical secretory pathway . The term ECOP was derived from its co-amplification with the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene, which is located at the 7p11.2 locus, a region frequently amplified in glioblastomas .
VOPP1 is highly expressed in several types of human cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, and glioblastoma . It is also found in breast carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, and lymphoma . The protein is localized intracellularly, specifically in cytoplasmic vesicles. It does not co-localize with mitochondria or peroxisomes but shows partial co-localization with perinuclear lysosomes, endocytosis, and autophagy markers .
VOPP1 plays a crucial role in promoting cell survival and proliferation. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), VOPP1 expression is significantly higher in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues . Silencing VOPP1 using shRNA has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth while inducing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo . This suggests that VOPP1 may contribute to cancer progression by targeting the MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways .
Given its role in cancer cell survival and proliferation, VOPP1 is considered a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. By understanding the mechanisms through which VOPP1 influences cancer progression, researchers hope to develop targeted therapies that can inhibit its function and thereby reduce tumor growth and improve patient outcomes .