ULBP4 Human

UL16 Binding Protein 4 Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT24257
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
Retinoic Acid Early Transcript 1E, Lymphocyte Effector Toxicity Activation Ligand, RAE-1-Like Transcript 4, NKG2DL4, N2DL-4, LETAL, ULBP4, RL-4, NKG2D Ligand 4, BA350J20.7, RAET1E2, N2DL4, RAET1E.
Appearance
Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. They may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

ULBP4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain (Isoform 3 of Q8TD07) containing 192 amino acids including a 10 aa His tag at N-terminus. The total calculated molecular mass is 22kDa.

Product Specs

Introduction
UL16 Binding Protein 4 (ULBP4), a member of the RAET1 family residing on chromosome 6q24.2-q25.3, shares structural similarities with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes. ULBP4 acts as a ligand for the NKG2D receptor found on NK cells, and upon binding, it triggers the proliferation of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes. Primarily expressed in the skin, ULBP4 is also found in the testis and trachea. Notably, ULBP4 expression is elevated in various tumor types. Despite its name, ULBP4 does not interact with the CMV glycoprotein UL16. Additionally, ULBP4 serves as a ligand for the KLRK1 receptor. Through these interactions, ULBP4 transmits activating signals to NK cells, bolstering tumor immune surveillance and driving the expansion of tumor-fighting cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Description
Recombinant Human ULBP4, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain representing Isoform 3 of Q8TD07. It comprises 192 amino acids, including a 10 amino acid His tag located at the N-terminus. The calculated molecular mass of the protein is 22 kDa.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered white lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Formulation
The ULBP4 protein solution was passed through a 0.4 micrometer filter and subsequently lyophilized from a solution containing 0.05 M Acetate buffer (pH 4.0), 1% (w/v) Sucrose, and 4% (w/v) Mannitol.
Solubility
To prepare a working stock solution of approximately 0.5 mg/ml, it is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized ULBP4 by adding 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.0) and allowing the pellet to dissolve completely. For conversion to a higher pH, dilute the stock solution to a concentration of 10 µg/ml using the appropriate buffer. The solubility of this antigen is limited at higher concentrations. Please note that the provided ULBP4 is not sterile. Prior to use in cell culture, it is essential to filter the product through a sterile filter of appropriate pore size.
Stability
Lyophilized ULBP4 protein should be stored at -20°C. To prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles, it is recommended to aliquot the reconstituted protein. The reconstituted protein exhibits stability at 4°C for a limited time and shows no significant change after two weeks of storage at this temperature.
Purity
The purity of ULBP4 is determined to be greater than 85.0% by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Synonyms
Retinoic Acid Early Transcript 1E, Lymphocyte Effector Toxicity Activation Ligand, RAE-1-Like Transcript 4, NKG2DL4, N2DL-4, LETAL, ULBP4, RL-4, NKG2D Ligand 4, BA350J20.7, RAET1E2, N2DL4, RAET1E.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MKHHHHHHASHSLCFNFTIK SLSRPGQPWC EAQVFLNKNL FLQYNSDNNM VKPLGLLGKK VYATSTWGEL TQTLGEVGRD LRMLLCDIKP QIKTSDPSTL QVEMFCQREA ERCTGASWQF ATNGEKSLLF DAMNMTWTVI NHEASKIKET WKKDRGLEKY FRKLSKGDCD HWLREFLGHW EAMPEPTGRR ST.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

UL16 Binding Protein 4 (ULBP4), also known as RAET1E, is a member of the UL16-binding protein family. These proteins are ligands for the NKG2D receptor, which is an activating receptor found on natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and γδ T cells. ULBP4 plays a crucial role in immune surveillance, particularly in the context of tumor immunity and viral infections.

Structure and Classification

ULBP4 is a glycoprotein that shares structural similarities with MHC class I molecules. It contains α1 and α2 domains but lacks the α3 domain typically found in MHC class I molecules . ULBP4 is more divergent compared to other ULBPs, with greater similarity to ULBP3 than to ULBP1 or ULBP2 .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution

ULBP4 is expressed on the surface of various human tumor cells, including ovarian epithelial carcinoma and colonic carcinoma cells . It is also found on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected peripheral blood cells . The expression of ULBP4 can be induced by cellular stress, infection, and transformation, making it a marker for abnormal cells.

Biological Functions

ULBP4 functions as a ligand for both the NKG2D receptor and the TCRγδ receptor. When ULBP4 binds to these receptors, it activates NK cells and γδ T cells, leading to the secretion of Th1 cytokines and the induction of cytotoxicity against target cells . This dual recognition by NKG2D and TCRγδ enhances the immune response against tumors and infected cells.

Mode of Action

The binding of ULBP4 to the NKG2D receptor on NK cells and T cells triggers a signaling cascade that results in the activation and proliferation of these immune cells. This interaction enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and γδ T cells, leading to the destruction of target cells expressing ULBP4 . Additionally, soluble forms of ULBP4 can down-regulate the surface expression of NKG2D, modulating the immune response .

Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression of ULBP4 is regulated by various factors, including cellular stress, infection, and transformation. The presence of ULBP4 on the cell surface can be modulated by viral proteins, such as the human cytomegalovirus-encoded UL16, which selectively binds to certain NKG2D ligands . This interaction can influence the immune response by altering the availability of ULBP4 for recognition by immune cells.

Recombinant ULBP4

Human recombinant ULBP4 is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves the insertion of the ULBP4 gene into an expression vector and its subsequent expression in a suitable host cell system. Recombinant ULBP4 is used in research to study its interactions with NKG2D and TCRγδ receptors, as well as its role in immune surveillance and tumor immunity.

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