TXN2 Antibody
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Thioredoxin-2 (Trx2) is a multifunctional, mitochondria-specific protein that plays a crucial role in cellular redox homeostasis and protection against oxidative stress. It is part of the thioredoxin family, which includes small redox proteins involved in various cellular processes, including DNA synthesis, repair, and regulation of transcription factors .
Thioredoxin-2 was originally identified in pig heart mitochondria and later cloned and characterized from a rat heart cDNA library . It is distinct from thioredoxin-1 (Trx1), which is primarily found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Trx2 contains a redox-active disulfide/dithiol within a conserved CXXC motif, which is essential for its oxidoreductase activity .
Trx2 is primarily located in the mitochondria, where it plays a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial function and integrity. It regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), a process linked to cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis . Trx2 protects against oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interacting with mitochondrial peroxidases like peroxiredoxin-3 and -5 .
The biological significance of Trx2 is underscored by studies involving Trx2 knockout mice, which exhibit embryonic lethality due to massive apoptosis at gestational day 10.5 . This timing coincides with the maturation of mitochondrial function and the transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in the embryo . Overexpression of human Trx2 (hTrx2) has been shown to inhibit peroxide-induced cell death and increase resistance to etoposide-induced cell death in various cell lines .
Mouse anti-human Trx2 antibodies are used in research to study the expression and function of Trx2 in human cells. These antibodies are typically generated by immunizing mice with human Trx2 protein, followed by the isolation and purification of specific antibodies from the mouse serum. These antibodies can be used in various applications, including Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, to detect and quantify Trx2 in human tissues and cells.
