TSTD1 Human

The TSTD1 gene is located on chromosome 1q23.3 and encodes a protein that is approximately 12.5 kDa in size . The protein contains a rhodanese-like domain, which is essential for its sulfurtransferase activity. This domain includes a catalytic cysteine residue that is crucial for the enzyme’s function .

TSTD1 is involved in the intermediate step of H2S metabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of thiosulfate and glutathione to sulfite and glutathione persulfide . This reaction is essential for the detoxification of H2S and the regulation of its signaling functions. The enzyme works in conjunction with other enzymes such as sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) and sulfur dioxygenase (SDO) to ensure efficient H2S metabolism .

TSTD1 is expressed in a wide range of human tissues, including the kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, colon, thymus, spleen, placenta, and lung . The protein is mainly localized around the nuclear membranes, indicating its potential role in nuclear functions .

Mutations or dysregulation of the TSTD1 gene have been associated with various diseases, including familial combined hyperlipidemia and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus . The enzyme’s role in H2S metabolism also implicates it in conditions related to oxidative stress and cellular signaling.

Recombinant TSTD1 is produced in Escherichia coli and is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 135 amino acids. It has a molecular mass of approximately 14.6 kDa and is fused to a 20 amino acid His tag at the N-terminus for purification purposes .