The human THO complex consists of several subunits, including THOC1, THOC2, THOC3, THOC5, THOC6, and THOC7. These subunits work together to form a functional complex that interacts with other proteins involved in mRNA processing and export. The THO complex is part of the larger transcription-export (TREX) complex, which also includes UAP56/DDX39B and ALYREF .
The primary function of the THO complex is to facilitate the proper formation and export of mRNP particles. During transcription, the THO complex associates with nascent RNA and contributes to several steps in mRNA biogenesis, including splicing and export. The complex ensures that the mRNA is properly processed and packaged into mRNP particles that are competent for export from the nucleus .
The THO complex plays a critical role in the transcriptional elongation process. It helps to prevent the nascent RNA from interacting with the DNA template, thereby ensuring the efficient and accurate transcription of mRNA. Once the mRNA is transcribed, the THO complex, as part of the TREX complex, facilitates the export of the mature mRNP particles from the nucleus to the cytoplasm .
THOC7 is one of the subunits of the human THO complex. It is involved in the structural integrity and function of the complex. THOC7 interacts with other subunits of the THO complex and plays a role in the multivalent interactions that are essential for the proper functioning of the TREX complex. The recombinant form of THOC7 is often used in research to study the structure and function of the THO complex .
Research on the THO complex, including THOC7, has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of mRNA biogenesis and export. Understanding the structure and function of the THO complex has implications for various biological processes, including gene expression regulation, cell differentiation, and development. Additionally, defects in the THO complex have been linked to various diseases, highlighting the importance of this complex in maintaining cellular homeostasis .