The TEF gene is located on chromosome 22 (22q13.2) in humans . The gene encodes a protein that is involved in DNA-binding and transcriptional regulation . The TEF protein binds to a specific DNA sequence and activates the transcription of target genes . The minimal DNA-binding sequence for TEF is 5’-[TC][AG][AG]TTA[TC][AG]-3’ .
TEF is expressed in a broad range of cells and tissues in adult animals . However, during embryonic development, its expression is restricted to the developing anterior pituitary gland . This coincides with the appearance of thyroid-stimulating hormone, beta (TSHB) . TEF can bind to and transactivate the TSHB promoter, playing a crucial role in the regulation of thyroid hormone production .
TEF shows homology with other members of the PAR-bZIP subfamily of transcription factors, including albumin D box-binding protein (DBP), human hepatic leukemia factor (HLF), and chicken vitellogenin gene-binding protein (VBP) . These proteins can form heterodimers and share DNA-binding and transcriptional regulatory properties .
Recombinant TEF is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the TEF gene into a suitable expression system, such as bacteria or yeast, to produce the protein in large quantities. This recombinant protein can be used for various research and therapeutic purposes, including studying its role in thyroid hormone regulation and its potential applications in treating thyroid-related disorders.
TEF is associated with several biological processes, including the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, rhythmic processes, and multicellular organism development . Dysregulation of TEF expression or function can lead to various diseases, including thyroid disorders and developmental abnormalities .