SUMO1 Human

SUMO1 is synthesized as a 101 amino acid propeptide with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 11.5 kDa . It is the most unique among the four identified SUMO proteins, sharing only 44%, 47%, and 41% amino acid sequence identity with SUMO2, SUMO3, and SUMO4, respectively .

The process of SUMOylation involves the attachment of SUMO proteins to target proteins, which is a highly dynamic and reversible process. This modification is catalyzed by a series of enzymes:

• E1 (activating enzyme)
• E2 (conjugating enzyme)
• E3 (ligating enzyme)

The modification can be reversed by a family of SUMO-specific proteases known as SENPs .

SUMO1 does not play a role in protein degradation, unlike ubiquitin. Instead, it is involved in various cellular processes, including:

• Regulation of transcription
• DNA repair
• Nuclear-cytosolic transport
• Maintenance of genome integrity

SUMO1 also plays a significant role in the modulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, which is required for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation .

Variations in the SUMO1 gene have been associated with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) development in humans . Additionally, SUMO1 haploinsufficiency has been shown to result in cleft lip and palate in animal models .

Recombinant human SUMO1 is produced using various expression systems, such as E. coli. The recombinant protein typically includes a polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus to facilitate purification . It is used in research to study the SUMOylation process and its effects on target proteins.

Recombinant SUMO1 proteins are available in different formulations, often lyophilized for stability and ease of storage. They are typically stored under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C and should be aliquoted to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles .