SULT1B1 Human

Sulfotransferase Family, Cytosolic, 1B, Member 1, also known as SULT1B1, is an enzyme encoded by the SULT1B1 gene in humans. This enzyme belongs to the sulfotransferase family, which plays a crucial role in the sulfate conjugation of various hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds .

The SULT1B1 gene is located on chromosome 4 and is responsible for encoding the SULT1B1 protein. The gene structure, including the number and length of exons, is similar among family members. However, the total genomic length of the SULT1B1 gene is greater than that of other SULT1 genes .

The human recombinant SULT1B1 protein is produced in Escherichia coli and consists of a single polypeptide chain containing 320 amino acids. It has a molecular mass of approximately 37.4 kDa and is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus .

SULT1B1 utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as a sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of various substrates, including dopamine, small phenols such as 1-naphthol and p-nitrophenol, and thyroid hormones like 3,3’-diiodothyronine, triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) . This enzyme may also play a role in the metabolic interaction between gut microbiota and the host .

Sulfotransferase enzymes, including SULT1B1, exhibit different tissue distributions and substrate specificities. SULT1B1 is primarily expressed in the liver, small intestine, and colon . It is involved in the detoxification and metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds, contributing to the body’s defense mechanisms against potentially harmful substances .

Mutations or alterations in the SULT1B1 gene have been associated with certain diseases, including ovary sarcoma and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with congenital joint dislocations . Additionally, SULT1B1 has been implicated in the activation of certain benzylic alcohols derived from polycyclic hydrocarbons to mutagens .