SOCS3 Human
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
SOCS3 was first identified as a cytokine-inducible gene that is rapidly upregulated in response to cytokine stimulation. The SOCS3 protein consists of several key domains:
- SH2 domain: This domain allows SOCS3 to bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on cytokine receptors and associated kinases.
- SOCS box: This domain is involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
SOCS3 is primarily known for its role in inhibiting the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. This pathway is critical for the transmission of extracellular signals from cytokines to the cell nucleus, leading to gene expression changes. SOCS3 exerts its inhibitory effects by:
- Binding to JAK2: SOCS3 binds to JAK2, inhibiting its kinase activity and preventing the phosphorylation and activation of STAT proteins .
- Interacting with cytokine receptors: SOCS3 can bind to various cytokine receptors, including those for IL-6, erythropoietin, insulin, and leptin, thereby blocking downstream signaling .
SOCS3 is involved in numerous physiological processes, including:
- Immune response regulation: SOCS3 modulates the sensitivity of immune cells to cytokine stimulation, thereby influencing immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration .
- Metabolic regulation: SOCS3 plays a role in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, with implications for conditions such as diabetes .
In pathological contexts, dysregulation of SOCS3 expression has been linked to various diseases, including:
Given its regulatory role in cytokine signaling, SOCS3 has been explored as a potential therapeutic target. Modulating SOCS3 expression or activity could provide therapeutic benefits in conditions characterized by excessive cytokine signaling, such as autoimmune diseases and certain cancers.
