Snail Family Zinc Finger 2 (SNAI2), also known as SLUG, is a member of the Snail family of C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factors. These proteins play a crucial role in various biological processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, and cancer progression. SNAI2 is particularly known for its involvement in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process where epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and adhesion properties to become mesenchymal stem cells, which are highly migratory and invasive .
SNAI2 is characterized by the presence of zinc finger domains, which enable it to bind to specific DNA sequences known as E-box motifs. This binding allows SNAI2 to function as a transcriptional repressor, regulating the expression of target genes. One of the primary targets of SNAI2 is E-cadherin, a protein essential for cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues. By repressing E-cadherin transcription, SNAI2 promotes EMT, contributing to cancer metastasis and tumor progression .
The role of SNAI2 in EMT and its antiapoptotic activity make it a critical factor in cancer biology. EMT is not only essential for normal embryonic development but also plays a significant role in the progression of various cancers, including breast carcinoma. The ability of SNAI2 to induce EMT and inhibit apoptosis provides cancer cells with the properties needed for invasion, migration, and resistance to cell death .
Human recombinant SNAI2 is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the SNAI2 gene into an expression vector and introducing it into a host cell, typically bacteria or yeast. The host cells then produce the SNAI2 protein, which can be purified for research and therapeutic purposes. Recombinant SNAI2 is used in various studies to understand its function, regulation, and potential as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment .