S100 Calcium Binding Protein A13, also known as S100A13, is a member of the S100 family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by their ability to bind calcium ions through EF-hand motifs. S100A13 is a small, generally acidic protein that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell cycle progression and differentiation .
S100A13 is composed of 98 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 11.3 kilodaltons . The protein contains two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, which allow it to bind calcium ions with differing affinities . Additionally, S100A13 has a basic residue-rich sequence at its C-terminus .
One of the unique features of S100A13 is its ability to bind copper ions. This binding is essential for the protein’s role in the copper-dependent export of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) from the cell in response to stress conditions such as heat shock, anoxia, and starvation . The binding of copper ions does not interfere with the protein’s ability to bind calcium ions .
S100A13 is involved in the regulation of several cellular processes. It plays a significant role in the export of proteins that lack a signal peptide and are secreted via an alternative pathway . The protein is required for the copper-dependent stress-induced export of IL-1α and FGF-1 . S100A13 also binds to lipid vesicles containing phosphatidylserine, but not to those containing phosphatidylcholine .
S100A13 has been proposed as a marker for angiogenesis in tumors and the endometrium due to its role in the stress-induced export of FGF-1 . Additionally, it has been found to promote neurite outgrowth from rat cortical embryonic neurons . The protein’s involvement in these processes makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Recombinant human S100A13 is produced using Escherichia coli expression systems and is available for research purposes . The recombinant protein is typically purified to a high degree of purity (>95%) and is suitable for various applications, including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) .