RYBP is known for its ability to bind to both RING1 and YY1 proteins. It is involved in the monoubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1), a key modification that leads to chromatin compaction and gene silencing . This modification is crucial for the regulation of gene expression, particularly in the context of developmental genes such as Hox genes .
Gene Regulation: RYBP is a core component of the PRC1-like complex, which is involved in the repression of gene transcription. It helps in recruiting the complex to specific genomic sites, thereby facilitating the ubiquitination of histone H2A .
Chromatin Remodeling: By participating in the modification of histones, RYBP plays a significant role in chromatin remodeling, which is essential for the heritable changes in gene expression .
Apoptosis Regulation: RYBP has been shown to inhibit the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TP53, a crucial tumor suppressor protein. This regulation is vital for the transcription of TP53 target genes, which are involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis .
Developmental Processes: RYBP is implicated in various developmental processes, including neural development and spermatogenesis. It is expressed in murine spermatocytes and plays a role in meiosis, although it is not essential for spermatogenesis .
RYBP has been studied for its potential role in cancer biology. It is believed to act as a tumor suppressor by down-regulating genes involved in tumor growth and metastasis, such as SRRM3 in breast cancer . Additionally, its role in regulating TP53 makes it a significant player in the cellular response to DNA damage and stress.
The recombinant form of RYBP is used in various research applications to study its function and interactions. It is particularly valuable in understanding the mechanisms of gene regulation and the role of PcG proteins in development and disease.