The RTN4IP1 gene is located on chromosome 6q21 and encodes a protein that belongs to the medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR) family. This family of enzymes is characterized by a conserved Rossmann-fold motif, which is essential for binding NAD(P)H cofactors . The RTN4IP1 protein itself is composed of two domains: a C-terminal coenzyme binding domain and an N-terminal substrate binding domain .
RTN4IP1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurite outgrowth, which is essential for the development of the inner retina and optic nerve . It interacts with Reticulon 4 (RTN4), also known as NOGO, a protein that inhibits neurite outgrowth and regeneration following spinal cord injury . This interaction is significant because it helps to understand the mechanisms behind neuroregeneration and the inhibition thereof.
The recombinant form of RTN4IP1 is used in various research applications to study its structure and function. Structural studies have revealed that RTN4IP1 forms a dimer and binds NADPH, although its exact enzymatic function remains to be fully elucidated . Understanding the structure and function of RTN4IP1 can provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions involving impaired neuroregeneration.