Ribosomal Protein S12 (RPS12) is a crucial component of the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. This protein is part of the small 40S subunit of the ribosome and belongs to the S12E family of ribosomal proteins . The human recombinant form of RPS12 is produced through recombinant DNA technology, allowing for its study and application in various research and therapeutic contexts.
RPS12 is located in the cytoplasm and plays a significant role in the assembly and function of the ribosome. It is involved in the process of translating mRNA into proteins by facilitating the correct positioning of tRNA and mRNA within the ribosome . This protein is essential for maintaining the accuracy of translation, ensuring that proteins are synthesized correctly.
RPS12 is not only a structural component of the ribosome but also plays a role in ribosome biogenesis. During the assembly of the small subunit processome in the nucleolus, RPS12, along with other ribosomal proteins and biogenesis factors, associates with nascent pre-rRNA. This association is crucial for RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements, and cleavage, as well as the targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome .
Increased expression of RPS12 has been observed in colorectal cancers compared to matched normal colonic mucosa . This suggests that RPS12 may have a role in cancer biology, potentially serving as a biomarker for certain types of cancer. Additionally, diseases associated with RPS12 include primary ciliary dyskinesia and fallopian tube serous papilloma .
The human recombinant form of RPS12 is widely used in research to study its function and role in various biological processes. By using recombinant DNA technology, researchers can produce large quantities of RPS12 for biochemical and structural studies. This allows for a deeper understanding of its function and potential therapeutic applications.