RPP30 Human

The Ribonuclease P/MRP 30kDa Subunit, also known as RPP30, is a crucial protein component involved in the processing of RNA molecules within human cells. This protein is a part of two essential ribonucleoprotein complexes: Ribonuclease P (RNase P) and Ribonuclease MRP (RNase MRP). These complexes play significant roles in the maturation of tRNA and rRNA, respectively .

The RPP30 gene is located on chromosome 10 and encodes the 30kDa subunit of the RNase P and RNase MRP complexes . The protein is also known by several other names, including RNase P subunit 2 and TSG15 . The molecular weight of the RPP30 protein is approximately 35.6 kDa .

RNase P is primarily responsible for generating mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5’-ends . This process is essential for the proper functioning of tRNA, which is crucial for protein synthesis. On the other hand, RNase MRP is involved in the cleavage of pre-rRNA sequences, which is a critical step in the maturation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) .

The RPP30 subunit contributes to the ribonuclease activity of both RNase P and RNase MRP by binding to RNA molecules and facilitating their cleavage . This activity is vital for maintaining the proper levels of functional RNA within the cell, which in turn supports various cellular processes.

Mutations or dysregulation of the RPP30 gene can lead to various disorders related to RNA processing. For instance, defects in RNase MRP have been associated with cartilage-hair hypoplasia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, fine hair, and immune system deficiencies .

The recombinant form of the RPP30 protein is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the RPP30 gene into an expression system, such as bacteria or yeast, to produce the protein in large quantities. This recombinant protein is used in various research applications to study the function and structure of RNase P and RNase MRP complexes, as well as their roles in RNA processing .