RAB3A is a member of the RAS oncogene family, which is known for its role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. RAB3A, specifically, is a small GTP-binding protein that plays a crucial role in regulated exocytosis and secretion.
The RAB3A gene is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19. It encodes a protein that is involved in the neurotransmitter release cycle and the innate immune system . The protein consists of 240 amino acids and has a molecular mass of approximately 27.1 kDa . It is produced in E. coli as a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques .
RAB3A is primarily involved in the regulation of exocytosis and secretion. It controls the recruitment, tethering, and docking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane . Upon stimulation, RAB3A switches to its active GTP-bound form, cycles to vesicles, and recruits effectors such as RIMS1, RIMS2, Rabphilin-3A, RPH3AL, or SYTL4 to aid in the docking of vesicles onto the plasma membrane . This process is essential for the release of neurotransmitters and other secretory products.
RAB3A is involved in several biological processes, including:
Mutations or dysregulation of the RAB3A gene have been associated with several diseases, including: