POMC Human

POMC undergoes extensive tissue-specific post-translational processing to yield a variety of biologically active peptides. The processing of POMC is dependent on the specific enzymes expressed in different tissues. For instance, in the pituitary corticotrophs, prohormone convertase 1 (PC1) is expressed, leading to the production of peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-lipotropin. In contrast, in the hypothalamus, prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) is expressed, resulting in the production of melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-, β-, and γ-MSH) but not ACTH .

The peptides derived from POMC have diverse biological functions:

• ACTH: Plays a crucial role in the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis.
• α-MSH: Involved in skin pigmentation and has anti-inflammatory properties.
• β-Endorphin: Acts as an endogenous opioid with pain-relieving effects.

POMC-derived peptides synthesized in the neurons of the hypothalamus are central to the control of energy homeostasis. These neurons produce the anorectic peptide α-MSH, which helps regulate appetite and energy balance. The action of melanocortin peptides is mediated by a family of five G protein-coupled receptors (MC1R to MC5R). Specifically, MC3R and MC4R, which are highly expressed in the central nervous system, play a significant role in controlling food intake and energy balance .

Mutations or defects in the POMC gene can lead to various disorders. For example, inherited abnormalities in POMC synthesis and processing can result in obesity and adrenal insufficiency. Understanding the role of POMC and its derived peptides has been crucial in developing therapeutic strategies for these conditions .

Human recombinant POMC is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the human POMC gene into bacterial or mammalian cells to produce the protein. This recombinant form is used in research to study the functions and therapeutic potential of POMC-derived peptides.