POLR2C Human

POLR2C is the third largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. It contains a cysteine-rich region and forms a heterodimer with another subunit, POLR2J . This heterodimer constitutes a core subassembly unit of the polymerase, essential for its stability and function. The RNA polymerase II complex itself is a large multiprotein complex composed of 12 subunits, with a total molecular weight of approximately 550 kDa .

The primary function of RNA polymerase II is to transcribe DNA into precursors of mRNA and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA . This process is vital for the synthesis of proteins and the regulation of various cellular processes.

The POLR2C gene is located on chromosome 16 in humans and is a protein-coding gene . It has been associated with several diseases, including otitis media and osteogenesis imperfecta, type XII . The gene contains a pseudogene on chromosome 21, which is a non-functional copy of the gene .

POLR2C is involved in several critical pathways, including the formation of the HIV elongation complex in the absence of HIV Tat and RNA polymerase II transcription initiation and promoter clearance . These pathways highlight the importance of POLR2C in both normal cellular functions and disease states.

The human recombinant form of POLR2C is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the POLR2C gene into a suitable expression system, such as bacteria or yeast, to produce the protein in large quantities. This recombinant protein is used in various research applications, including studies on transcription mechanisms, protein-protein interactions, and the development of therapeutic interventions.