PAEP Human

The PAEP gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 9 and encodes a protein that is secreted in various forms, each with distinct glycosylation profiles. These forms are found in amniotic fluid, follicular fluid, and seminal plasma . The protein has been referred to by several names, including pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2-globulin, placental protein 14, and glycodelin .

PAEP is primarily expressed in the female reproductive system, particularly in the endometrium during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Its expression is regulated by progesterone, a hormone produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation . The protein plays a vital role in preparing the endometrium for implantation of the blastocyst (fertilized egg) and in regulating the uterine environment to support pregnancy .

Recombinant human PAEP is produced using genetic engineering techniques. The gene encoding PAEP is inserted into a suitable expression system, such as bacteria or mammalian cells, which then produce the protein. The recombinant protein is purified and used for various research and clinical applications .

PAEP has immunomodulatory effects and is involved in critical steps during fertilization. It has been associated with several reproductive disorders, including ectopic pregnancy and Kleefstra Syndrome 1 . The protein’s ability to modulate the immune response makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in reproductive health.