NBP2 is characterized by several distinct domains:
The primary function of NBP2 is to recognize bacterial molecules, specifically those containing muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and activate the NF-κB protein, which is a key regulator of immune response .
Mutations in the NOD2 gene have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including:
These associations highlight the importance of NBP2 in maintaining immune system balance and its potential role in various inflammatory conditions.
Research on NBP2 has expanded our understanding of its role in the immune system. For instance, studies have shown that NBP2 can interact with other proteins such as NLRC4 and MAVS, further elucidating its role in immune responses to bacterial and viral infections .
In the context of recombinant protein production, human recombinant NBP2 is used in various research applications to study its structure, function, and interactions. This recombinant form allows scientists to investigate the protein in a controlled environment, facilitating the development of potential therapeutic interventions for related diseases.