NRGN Human

The NRGN gene contains four exons and three introns. Exons 1 and 2 encode the protein, while exons 3 and 4 contain untranslated sequences . Neurogranin is a postsynaptic protein kinase substrate that binds calmodulin in the absence of calcium, which is essential for its role in synaptic plasticity .

Neurogranin is involved in the modulation of calmodulin availability, which in turn regulates various calcium-dependent signaling pathways. This modulation is critical for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory formation . Neurogranin’s interaction with calmodulin is influenced by phosphorylation through protein kinase C (PKC), which alters its binding affinity and functional state .

Recombinant human neurogranin is produced using E. coli expression systems and typically includes an N-terminal His-tag for purification purposes . The recombinant protein corresponds to the amino acids 1-78 of human neurogranin and has a theoretical molecular weight of approximately 10 kDa .

Neurogranin is considered a potential biomarker for various neurological conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease. Its levels in cerebrospinal fluid have been studied as an indicator of synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration . Additionally, neurogranin is suggested to be a direct target for thyroid hormone in the human brain, implicating its role in the mental states affected by hypothyroidism .

Recombinant neurogranin is typically stored at 4°C for short-term use and at -20°C for long-term storage. It is important to avoid freeze-thaw cycles to maintain protein integrity .

Neurogranin’s role in synaptic plasticity and its potential as a biomarker make it a significant focus of neurological research. Understanding its mechanisms and interactions can provide insights into cognitive functions and the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.