Natriuretic Peptide C (CNP) is a member of the natriuretic peptide family, which also includes Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP). These peptides play crucial roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating blood pressure, blood volume, and sodium balance. CNP is encoded by the NPPC gene in humans .
CNP is synthesized as a precursor protein, natriuretic peptide precursor C (NPPC), which is then cleaved to produce the active 22-amino acid peptide . Unlike ANP and BNP, which are primarily involved in cardiovascular regulation, CNP has a broader range of functions, including roles in bone growth, cartilage development, and reproductive processes .
CNP exerts its effects by binding to natriuretic peptide receptors, specifically NPR-B, which is a receptor guanylyl cyclase. This binding leads to the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a secondary messenger that mediates various physiological effects . CNP is known for its vasodilatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-fibrotic properties, making it a potential therapeutic target for various cardiovascular and fibrotic diseases .
Recombinant human CNP has been explored for its therapeutic potential in treating conditions such as achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene. Clinical trials have shown that CNP can promote bone growth and improve skeletal abnormalities in affected individuals . Additionally, CNP’s cardiovascular benefits are being investigated for potential use in treating hypertension and heart failure .