MHHHHHHMKI EEGKLVIWIN GDKGYNGLAE VGKKFEKDTG IKVTVEHPDK LEEKFPQVAA TGDGPDIIFW AHDRFGGYAQ SGLLAEITPD KAFQDKLYPF TWDAVRYNGK LIAYPIAVEA LSLIYNKDLL PNPPKTWEEI PALDKELKAK GKSALMFNLQ EPYFTWPLIA ADGGYAFKYE NGKYDIKDVG VDNAGAKAGL TFLVDLIKNK HMNADTDYSI AEAAFNKGET AMTINGPWAW SNIDTSKVNY GVTVLPTFKG QPSKPFVGVL SAGINAASPN KELAKEFLEN YLLTDEGLEA
VNKDKPLGAV ALKSYEEELA KDPRIAATME NAQKGEIMPN IPQMSAFWYA VRTAVINAAS GRQTVDEALK DAQTNSSSNN NNNNNNNNLG IEGRGSHMAA AEAANCIMEV SCGQAESSEK PNAEDMTSKD YYFDSYAHFG IHEEMLKDEV RTLTYRNSMF HNRHLFKDKV VLDVGSGTGILCMFAAKAGA RKVIGIECSS ISDYAVKIVK ANKLDHVVTI IKGKVEEVEL PVEKVDIIIS EWMGYCLFYE SMLNTVLHAR DKWLAPDGLI FPDRATLYVT AIEDRQYKDY KIHWWENVYG
FDMSCIKDVA IKEPLVDVVD PKQLVTNACL IKEVDIYTVK VEDLTFTSPF CLQVKRNDYVHALVAYFNIE FTRCHKRTGF STSPESPYTH WKQTVFYMED YLTVKTGEEI FGTIGMRPNA KNNRDLDFTI DLDFKGQLCE LSCSTDYRMR.
Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Down-Regulated 8 (NEDD8) is a ubiquitin-like protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various cellular processes. It is predominantly expressed in the nucleus and is involved in the post-translational modification of proteins through a process known as neddylation . NEDD8 shares about 60% of its amino acid sequence with ubiquitin, which allows it to conjugate to substrate proteins and regulate their function .
NEDD8 was first identified in the early 1990s as part of a group of genes that are highly expressed in the brain of embryonic mice but down-regulated in adult mice . This discovery highlighted its potential role in neural development and cellular differentiation. Since then, extensive research has been conducted to understand its functions and implications in various biological processes and diseases.
NEDD8 is primarily involved in the neddylation process, which is a post-translational modification that conjugates NEDD8 to substrate proteins through a series of enzymatic cascades . This modification is essential for the regulation of protein stability, localization, and activity. The main substrates for neddylation are members of the cullin family, which are core components of Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs). These ligases play a critical role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is responsible for protein degradation and turnover .
Recent studies have shown that NEDD8 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including bladder cancer . Its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and increased tumor progression. Suppression of NEDD8 has been found to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells, making it a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment .
Given its significant role in cancer progression, targeting the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) has become an attractive strategy for developing anticancer drugs . Several inhibitors targeting NAE, such as MLN4924 and TAS4464, have entered clinical trials and shown promising results in treating hematological tumors . These inhibitors work by blocking the activation of NEDD8, thereby disrupting the neddylation process and inhibiting tumor growth.