NABP1 is located on chromosome 2 at the 2q32.3 band in humans . The gene spans approximately 63,029 base pairs and is expressed in various tissues, including the spleen, blood, and endometrium . The protein itself is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein, which is essential for maintaining genomic stability .
NABP1 is a component of the SOSS complex, a multiprotein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and G2/M checkpoint . Within the SOSS complex, NABP1 acts as a sensor of single-stranded DNA, particularly binding to polypyrimidines . This complex associates with DNA lesions and influences various endpoints in the cellular DNA damage response, including cell-cycle checkpoint activation, recombinational repair, and maintenance of genomic stability .