MSI2 contains two conserved tandem RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), which are essential for its function as an RNA-binding protein . These motifs enable MSI2 to bind to specific RNA sequences, thereby regulating the translation of target mRNAs into proteins . This post-transcriptional regulation is vital for controlling gene expression and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
MSI2 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, including neuronal progenitor cells, stem cells, and both normal and leukemic blood cells . It is particularly prominent in the ventricular and subventricular zones of the central nervous system (CNS) during development . In the hematopoietic system, MSI2 is highly expressed in primitive progenitor cells and stem cell compartments .
MSI2 plays a pivotal role in normal hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are formed . It is also involved in the proliferation and maintenance of stem cells in the CNS . The protein’s expression is developmentally regulated, with high levels observed in neural precursor cells and specific neuronal subpopulations .
In addition to its role in normal cellular processes, MSI2 has been implicated in various diseases, including leukemia. Overexpression of MSI2 has been found in myeloid leukemia cell lines, where it contributes to cell proliferation, differentiation, and the maintenance of the cancer stem cell pool .
Given its critical role in stem cell biology and disease, MSI2 is a target of interest for therapeutic interventions. Researchers are exploring ways to modulate MSI2 activity to treat conditions such as leukemia and other cancers . The human recombinant form of MSI2 is used in various research applications to study its function and potential therapeutic uses.