Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), also known as matrilysin, is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. This family consists of structurally related zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play a crucial role in the breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. MMP-7 is the smallest member of the MMP family and is encoded by the MMP7 gene located on human chromosome 11q21-q22 .
MMP-7 was first discovered by Sellers and Woessner in the uterus of the rat in 1988 . The complementary DNA (cDNA) of human MMP7 was isolated in the same year by Muller et al . Human MMP-7 has a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa . Unlike other MMPs, MMP-7 lacks a conserved C-terminal hemopexin-like domain, which is typically involved in substrate specificity and interaction with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) .
MMP-7 is primarily involved in the degradation of ECM components, including casein, type I, II, IV, and V gelatins, fibronectin, and proteoglycan . This enzyme is exclusively released by epithelial cells and is highly expressed in various cancer cells . MMP-7 plays a significant role in normal physiological processes such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling. Additionally, it is implicated in pathological processes like arthritis and metastasis .
Elevated expression of MMP-7 has been associated with the progression and metastasis of various cancers, including tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) . Studies have shown that high levels of MMP-7 promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in cancer cells . As a result, MMP-7 is considered a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.