MLF1 Human

Myeloid Leukemia Factor 1 (MLF1) is a small nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that plays a significant role in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and immune functions. It is associated with both normal hematopoiesis and malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) .

MLF1 was initially identified in the leukemic fusion protein NPM-MLF1, which is generated by a rare t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation in patients with AML . The protein is characterized by its ability to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm, which is crucial for its function in regulating various cellular processes.

MLF1 has diverse biological functions, acting as either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene depending on the cellular context. In hematopoietic cells, MLF1 serves as a protective factor for lineage development. It regulates cell cycle exit and differentiation, promotes apoptosis, inhibits proliferation, and enhances immune function .

MLF1’s role in disease is complex and context-dependent. In the context of AML and MDS, MLF1 is implicated in oncogenesis. The fusion protein NPM-MLF1 disrupts normal cellular functions, contributing to the development of these malignancies . However, MLF1 can also act as a tumor suppressor in certain contexts, highlighting its dual role as a “double-edged sword” in health and disease .

Research on MLF1 is ongoing, with studies exploring its potential as a therapeutic target. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which MLF1 influences cell cycle regulation and apoptosis could lead to the development of novel therapies for AML and other hematologic malignancies .